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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by a body shape index quintile

From: Inverted L-shape association between a body shape index and peak expiratory flow among middle-aged and older adults: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)

Variables

Total (N = 14,836)

Q1 (N = 2967)

Q2 (N = 2967)

Q3 (N = 2967)

Q4 (N = 2967)

Q5 (N = 2968)

P value

 ≤ 6.86

6.86–7.18

7.18–7.46

7.46–7.76

 ≥ 7.76

Demographic

 Sex, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

Female

7801 (52.6)

2696 (90.9)

2308 (77.8)

1493 (50.3)

782 (26.4)

522 (17.6)

 

Male

7035 (47.4)

271 (9.1)

659 (22.2)

1474 (49.7)

2185 (73.6)

2446 (82.4)

 

 Age, Mean ± SD (y)

60.5 ± 9.8

56.5 ± 8.5

59.0 ± 8.8

60.5 ± 9.2

61.5 ± 9.8

65.1 ± 10.5

 < 0.001

 Race, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

Non-Han

970 (6.5)

222 (7.5)

199 (6.7)

181 (6.1)

167 (5.6)

201 (6.8)

 

Han

12,388 (83.5)

2516 (84.8)

2514 (84.7)

2510 (84.6)

2488 (83.9)

2360 (79.5)

 

Unknown

1478 (10.0)

229 (7.7)

254 (8.6)

276 (9.3)

312 (10.5)

407 (13.7)

 

 Residence, n (%)

      

0.067

Urban community

5583 (37.6)

1142 (38.5)

1069 (36.0)

1093 (36.8)

1111 (37.4)

1168 (39.4)

 

Rural village

9253 (62.4)

1825 (61.5)

1898 (64.0)

1874 (63.2)

1856 (62.6)

1800 (60.6)

 

 Educational Level, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

Illiterate

6362 (42.9)

1374 (46.3)

1461 (49.2)

1314 (44.3)

1099 (37)

1114 (37.5)

 

Primary school

4149 (28.0)

791 (26.7)

771 (26.0)

826 (27.8)

867 (29.2)

894 (30.1)

 

Junior high school

2842 (19.2)

529 (17.8)

500 (16.9)

568 (19.1)

648 (21.8)

597 (20.1)

 

High school or above

1483 (10.0)

273 (9.2)

235 (7.9)

259 (8.7)

353 (11.9)

363 (12.2)

 

 Marital status, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

1920 (12.9)

298 (10.0)

393 (13.2)

404 (13.6)

387 (13.0)

438 (14.8)

 

Yes

12,916 (87.1)

2669 (90.0)

2574 (86.8)

2563 (86.4)

2580 (87.0)

2530 (85.2)

 

Health status and function

 Height, Mean ± SD (m)

1.6 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

 Weight, Mean ± SD (kg)

60.1 ± 11.8

60.0 ± 13.0

58.2 ± 10.2

59.8 ± 11.1

62.1 ± 11.9

60.4 ± 12.4

 < 0.001

 WC, Mean ± SD (cm)

86.5 ± 10.7

81.5 ± 11.5

85.0 ± 10.2

86.5 ± 10.1

88.5 ± 9.5

90.7 ± 9.9

 < 0.001

 ABSI**, Mean ± SD

7.29 ± 0.62

6.47 ± 0.62

7.02 ± 0.09

7.32 ± 0.01

7.60 ± 0.08

8.05 ± 0.31

 < 0.001

 PEF, Mean ± SD (L/min)

318.3 ± 125.9

294.6 ± 92.3

299.7 ± 108.7

325.1 ± 129.6

349.1 ± 137.7

322.8 ± 145.8

 < 0.001

 PEF/PEF prediction, Mean ± SD (%)

83.7 ± 27.2

84.6 ± 23.8

84.1 ± 26.0

84.0 ± 26.5

84.8 ± 27.9

81.0 ± 30.9

 < 0.001

 Drinking status, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

7972 (53.7)

2193 (73.9)

1994 (67.2)

1560 (52.6)

1187 (40.0)

1038 (35.0)

 

Yes

6864 (46.3)

774 (26.1)

973 (32.8)

1407 (47.4)

1780 (60.0)

1930 (65.0)

 

 Smoking status, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

Nevera

8398 (56.6)

2583 (87.1)

2264 (76.3)

1633 (55.0)

1077 (36.3)

841 (28.3)

 

Currentb

4175 (28.1)

233 (7.9)

479 (16.1)

927 (31.2)

1229 (41.4)

1307 (44.0)

 

Pastc

2263 (15.3)

151 (5.1)

224 (7.5)

407 (13.7)

661 (22.3)

820 (27.6)

 

 Sleep duration, Mean ± SD (h)

6.4 ± 1.9

6.4 ± 1.9

6.3 ± 2.0

6.4 ± 2.0

6.4 ± 1.9

6.5 ± 1.9

0.016

 Hypertension, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

6136 (41.4)

1265 (42.6)

1357 (45.7)

1256 (42.3)

1182 (39.8)

1076 (36.3)

 

Yes

7318 (49.3)

1321 (44.5)

1327 (44.7)

1440 (48.5)

1542 (52.0)

1688 (56.9)

 

Unknown

1382 (9.3)

381 (12.8)

283 (9.5)

271 (9.1)

243 (8.2)

204 (6.9)

 

 Diabetes, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

10,502 (70.8)

2060 (69.4)

2129 (71.8)

2121 (71.5)

2082 (70.2)

2110 (71.1)

 

Yes

2418 (16.3)

420 (14.2)

471 (15.9)

446 (15.0)

525 (17.7)

556 (18.7)

 

Unknown

1916 (12.9)

487 (16.4)

367 (12.4)

400 (13.5)

360 (12.1)

302 (10.2)

 

 Heart Diseases, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

10,406 (70.1)

1978 (66.7)

2066 (69.6)

2113 (71.2)

2113 (71.2)

2136 (72.0)

 

Yes

2324 (15.7)

457 (15.4)

510 (17.2)

434 (14.6)

450 (15.2)

473 (15.9)

 

Unknown

2106 (14.2)

532 (17.9)

391 (13.2)

420 (14.2)

404 (13.6)

359 (12.1)

 

 Stroke, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

12,350 (83.2)

2384 (80.4)

2525 (85.1)

2473 (83.4)

2460 (82.9)

2508 (84.5)

 

Yes

448 (3.0)

71 (2.4)

62 (2.1)

85 (2.9)

114 (3.8)

116 (3.9)

 

Unknown

2038 (13.7)

512 (17.3)

380 (12.8)

409 (13.8)

393 (13.2)

344 (11.6)

 

 Dyslipidemias, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

10,095 (68.0)

1930 (65.0)

2046 (69.0)

2037 (68.7)

2024 (68.2)

2058 (69.3)

 

Yes

2346 (15.8)

460 (15.5)

478 (16.1)

460 (15.5)

467 (15.7)

481 (16.2)

 

Unknown

2395 (16.1)

577 (19.4)

443 (14.9)

470 (15.8)

476 (16.0)

429 (14.5)

 

 Kidney Diseases, n (%)

      

 < 0.001

No

11,458 (77.2)

2222 (74.9)

2317 (78.1)

2310 (77.9)

2294 (77.3)

2315 (78.0)

 

Yes

1276 (8.6)

220 (7.4)

248 (8.4)

240 (8.1)

273 (9.2)

295 (9.9)

 

Unknown

2102 (14.2)

525 (17.7)

402 (13.5)

417 (14.1)

400 (13.5)

358 (12.1)

 

Serum biomarkers

 Glucose, Mean ± SD (mg/dL)

103.5 ± 35.2

99.8 ± 29.0

101.3 ± 30.2

102.6 ± 32.8

106.0 ± 39.5

108.2 ± 42.8

 < 0.001

 Creatinine, Mean ± SD (mg/dL)

0.8 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

 TC, Mean ± SD (mg/dL)

184.2 ± 36.3

187.0 ± 35.5

186.5 ± 36.3

184.0 ± 36.8

183.0 ± 36.1

180.3 ± 36.4

 < 0.001

 LDL, Mean ± SD (mg/dL)

102.4 ± 28.8

103.8 ± 28.6

103.4 ± 28.7

102.4 ± 28.9

102.4 ± 29.0

99.9 ± 28.8

 < 0.001

 Cystatin C, Mean ± SD (mg/dL)

0.9 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.3

 < 0.001

 TG, Median (IQR) (mg/dL)

115.9 (83.2, 170.8)

112.4 (82.3, 166.4)

116.8 (85.0, 169.0)

112.4 (81.4, 168.6)

116.8 (83.2, 176.1)

117.7 (84.1, 174.3)

0.021

  1. ABSI a body shape index, PEF peak expiratory flow, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, LDL low-density lipoprotein, WC waist circumference, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range
  2. **Continuous variable: ABSI was scaled by a factor of 100
  3. aDefined as individuals with no history of smoking, including cigarette smoking, pipe use, or chewing tobacco, where smoking is classified as having consumed more than 100 cigarettes or an equivalent amount of tobacco in their lifetime
  4. bDefined as individuals with a history of smoking cigarettes, smoking a pipe, or chewing tobacco, either currently or in the past, with smoking classified as having consumed more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime
  5. cDefined as an individual with a history of smoking cigarettes, using a pipe, or chewing tobacco, with smoking defined as having consumed more than 100 cigarettes or equivalent, but who has now quit
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X