Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analyses

Gender

 Male

Reference

 Female

1.084 (0.976, 1.204)

0.135

Age

 20–39

Reference

 40–59

1.571 (1.367, 1.806)

<0.001

 60–79

2.496 (2.135, 2.919)

<0.001

Race

 Non-Hispanic White

Reference

 Other

1.105 (0.989, 1.236)

0.083

Educational attainment

 Less than high school

Reference

 High school or equivalent

1.426 (1.166, 1.744)

0.001

 College or above

1.550 (1.333, 1.802)

<0.001

Family income-to-poverty ratio

 ≤ 1.0

Reference

 1.1–3.0

0.855 (0.734, 0.995)

0.046

 > 3.0

0.752 (0.655, 0.864)

<0.001

BMI

 < 25

Reference

 25-29.9

0.998 (0.865, 1.151)

0.977

 ≥ 30

1.362 (1.180, 1.573)

<0.001

Smoking status

 Never smoker

Reference

 Former smoker

0.557 (0.479, 0.647)

<0.001

 Current smoker

1.131 (0.967, 1.321)

0.127

Hypertension

 No

Reference

 Yes

1.586 (1.359, 1.851)

<0.001

CVD

 No

Reference

 Yes

0.250 (0.191, 0.328)

<0.001

Serum creatinine(mg/dL)

1.449 (1.202, 1.745)

<0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

0.991 (0.989, 0.993)

<0.001

Platelet count (1000 cells/uL)

0.997 (0.997, 0.998)

<0.001