Development and validation of machine learning models for predicting low muscle mass in patients with obesity and diabetes

Ge, Jiaying; Sun, Siqi; Zeng, Jiangping; Jing, Yujie; Ma, Huihui; Qian, Chunhua; Cui, Ran; Qu, Shen; Sheng, Hui

doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02577-8

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 2 Weighted univariate analysis of variables with LMM

From: Development and validation of machine learning models for predicting low muscle mass in patients with obesity and diabetes

Variable	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (years)	0.965	0.897–1.039	0.335
Waist circumference (cm)	1.024	1.002–1.046	0.037*
BMI (kg/m²)	1.092	1.044–1.143	< 0.001***
White blood cell count (10⁹/L)	1.072	0.963–1.194	0.196
Lymphocyte count (10⁹/L)	1.286	0.832–1.986	0.251
Monocyte count (10⁹/L)	1.787	0.309–10.341	0.509
Neutrophil count (10⁹/L)	1.058	0.938–1.194	0.350
Hemoglobin (g/L)	0.914	0.717–1.165	0.460
Red blood cell distribution width (%)	1.004	0.786–1.282	0.977
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	0.892	0.771–1.032	0.122
Albumin (g/L)	1.017	0.932–1.109	0.698
Globulin (g/L)	1.057	0.994–1.123	0.075
Creatinine (umol/L)	0.977	0.962–0.992	< 0.01**
Uric acid (umol/L)	1.000	0.997–1.004	0.829
HbA1c (%)	0.841	0.726–0.974	0.022*
ALT (U/L)	1.003	0.994–1.013	0.467
AST (U/L)	0.999	0.994–1.004	0.742
ALP (U/L)	1.005	0.994–1.016	0.370
Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)	1.376	0.869–2.178	0.169
High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)	1.167	0.471–2.889	0.733
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.025	0.927–1.133	0.627
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	0.895	0.780–1.028	0.115
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	1.009	0.995–1.022	0.194
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	0.984	0.959–1.010	0.231
BRI	1.387	1.217–1.581	< 0.001***
Gender (female)	1.393	0.639–3.033	0.396
Race			< 0.010**
Other Hispanic	0.620	0.222–1.731	0.352
Non-Hispanic White	0.381	0.160–0.904	0.030*
Non-Hispanic Black	0.124	0.043–0.359	< 0.001***
Other Race	0.204	0.064–0.651	< 0.01**
Drinking status (drinker)	1.778	1.006–3.144	0.048*
Smoking status (smoker)	0.932	0.421–2.064	0.860
Use of insulin (yes)	0.657	0.304–1.419	0.277
Use of metformin (yes)	1.023	0.754–1.388	0.882

Abbreviations: LMM, low muscle mass; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; BRI, body roundness index; RFM, relative fat mass; C-index, conicity index; IQR, interquartile range. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

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ISSN: 1476-511X

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