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Fig. 1 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 1

From: The causal relationship between 179 lipid species and urolithiasis: a bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study combined with meta-analysis

Fig. 1

A flowchart illustrating the study design process of Mendelian randomization. (a) The selected SNPs must be strongly related to the exposure; (b) The included genetic variant must be associated with the risk of the outcome solely through the exposure, not by confounding factors; (c) The SNPs should be independent of confounders. IVW: Inverse-variance weighted; WMn: Weighted median; WM: Weighted mode; LOO analysis: Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis

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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X