Table 1 Demographic profiles according to CMI quartile distribution
Characteristics | Overall | Quartiles of CMI | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |||
< 0.34 | (0.34–0.62) | (0.62–1.16) | > 1.16 | |||
N | 9678 | 2420 | 2419 | 2419 | 2420 | Â |
CMI | 0.62 (0.34, 1.16) | 0.23 (0.17, 0.28) | 0.46 (0.40, 0.54) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.99) | 1.80 (1.39, 2.58) | < 0.0001 |
BMF | 9.23 (9.10, 9.35) | 8.48 (8.27, 8.68) | 8.91 (8.68, 9.13) | 9.51 (9.22, 9.81) | 10.10 (9.81, 10.38) | < 0.0001 |
Gender |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Male | 4840 (49.25) | 936 (35.62) | 1109 (44.90) | 1283 (54.43) | 1512 (63.53) | Â |
Female | 4838 (50.75) | 1484 (64.38) | 1310 (55.10) | 1136 (45.57) | 908 (36.47) | Â |
Age (years) | 48.00 (34.00, 62.00) | 42.00 (29.00, 58.00) | 47.00 (34.00, 63.00) | 51.00 (37.00, 64.00) | 49.00 (38.00, 62.00) | < 0.0001 |
Age group |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Young | 3308 (37.40) | 1069 (46.16) | 847 (38.62) | 709 (32.95) | 683 (30.97) | Â |
Middle | 3450 (41.94) | 783 (38.14) | 825 (40.73) | 855 (41.64) | 987 (47.65) | Â |
Elderly | 2920 (20.67) | 568 (15.70) | 747 (20.64) | 855 (25.41) | 750 (21.38) | Â |
Race |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Mexican American | 1769 (7.94) | 275 (5.27) | 390 (6.98) | 503 (9.04) | 601 (10.75) | Â |
Non-Hispanic White | 4842 (72.29) | 1183 (71.16) | 1185 (71.45) | 1209 (72.34) | 1265 (74.38) | Â |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1894 (10.38) | 685 (14.48) | 557 (12.26) | 404 (8.67) | 248 (5.61) | Â |
Other Race | 1173 (9.39) | 277 (9.09) | 287 (9.32) | 303 (9.95) | 306 (9.26) | Â |
Education Level |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Less Than High School | 2547 (16.97) | 468 (12.28) | 589 (16.35) | 719 (18.88) | 771 (20.85) | Â |
High School Graduate | 2306 (24.00) | 531 (20.52) | 569 (22.73) | 565 (24.14) | 641 (29.00) | Â |
More Than High School | 4825 (59.03) | 1421 (67.20) | 1261 (60.92) | 1135 (56.98) | 1008 (50.15) | Â |
PIR group | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0006 |
Low income | 1840 (12.01) | 418 (11.32) | 416 (10.74) | 470 (12.42) | 536 (13.69) | Â |
Middle income | 5214 (49.91) | 1252 (47.79) | 1309 (50.54) | 1308 (49.30) | 1345 (52.20) | Â |
High income | 2624 (38.08) | 750 (40.89) | 694 (38.72) | 641 (38.29) | 539 (34.11) | Â |
BMI group |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Normal | 2710 (30.71) | 1383 (62.37) | 734 (32.23) | 400 (17.22) | 193 (7.96) | Â |
Overweight | 3349 (34.04) | 702 (26.58) | 933 (39.28) | 921 (39.60) | 793 (31.15) | Â |
Obesity | 3619 (35.25) | 335 (11.05) | 752 (28.49) | 1098 (43.18) | 1434 (60.88) | Â |
Energy (kcal/d) | 1932.50 (1471.00, 2506.00) | 1895.50 (1468.88, 2473.50) | 1905.00 (1465.00, 2482.75) | 1892.00 (1423.75, 2411.00) | 2051.00 (1547.50, 2624.50) | < 0.0001 |
Protein (gm/d) | 75.03 (56.25, 98.22) | 73.85 (54.95, 96.87) | 73.53 (55.45, 96.78) | 73.58 (54.97, 95.09) | 78.73 (59.45, 103.50) | < 0.0001 |
Carbohydrate (gm/d) | 236.03 (178.19, 307.83) | 228.68 (173.05, 297.63) | 234.43 (177.06, 300.32) | 233.16 (174.35, 300.88) | 249.31 (186.96, 325.54) | < 0.0001 |
Dietary fiber (gm/d) | 14.75 (10.40, 20.45) | 14.80 (10.05, 20.56) | 14.45 (10.38, 20.35) | 14.45 (10.50, 20.05) | 15.12 (10.69, 21.00) | 0.0113 |
Total fat (gm/d) | 70.52 (50.11, 96.69) | 69.37 (50.07, 94.91) | 70.02 (50.85, 96.13) | 69.17 (48.11, 94.25) | 73.34 (51.61, 101.75) | < 0.0001 |
Caffeine (mg/d) | 103.50 (32.50, 215.50) | 92.00 (23.50, 201.50) | 102.00 (29.00, 209.50) | 104.00 (34.75, 217.00) | 116.00 (43.50, 235.62) | < 0.0001 |
Moisture (mg/d) | 2556.24 (1930.92, 3382.56) | 2529.64 (1894.00, 3330.76) | 2496.97 (1897.31, 3312.94) | 2494.23 (1893.11, 3301.30) | 2690.74 (2062.11, 3536.35) | < 0.0001 |
Gastrointestinal diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.4981 |
Yes | 818 (8.34) | 188 (7.73) | 204 (9.04) | 206 (8.01) | 220 (8.60) | Â |
No | 8860 (91.66) | 2243 (92.27) | 2215 (90.96) | 2213 (91.99) | 2200 (91.40) | Â |
Sleep disorders |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 706 (7.19) | 97 (4.03) | 153 (5.99) | 199 (7.94) | 257 (11.14) | Â |
No | 8972 (92.81) | 2323 (95.97) | 2266 (94.01) | 2220 (92.06) | 2163 (88.86) | Â |
Diabetes |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1039 (7.56) | 128 (3.76) | 218 (5.86) | 306 (8.80) | 387 (12.27) | Â |
No | 8639 (92.44) | 2292 (96.24) | 2201 (94.14) | 2113 (91.20) | 2033 (87.73) | Â |
Hypertension |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 3217 (29.08) | 523 (16.84 ) | 743 (25.97) | 929 (34.69) | 1022 (40.12) | Â |
No | 6461 (70.92) | 1897 (83.16) | 1676 (74.03) | 1490 (65.31) | 1398 (59.88) | Â |
Depression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0011 |
Yes | 810 (6.74) | 164 (5.48) | 170 (5.86) | 225 (7.47) | 251 (8.31) | Â |
No | 8868 (93.26) | 2256 (94.52) | 2249 (94.14) | 2194 (92.53) | 2169 (91.69) | Â |
Smoking |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 4552 (46.45) | 1002 (41.45) | 1083 (44.95) | 1203 (49.04) | 1264 (50.92) | Â |
No | 5126 (53.55) | 1418 (58.55) | 1336 (55.05) | 1216 (50.96) | 1156 (49.08) | Â |
Drinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.4290 |
Yes | 7012 (76.68) | 1781 (78.38) | 1736 (76.24) | 1733 (75.89) | 1762 (76.09) | Â |
No | 2666 (23.32) | 639 (21.62) | 683 (23.76) | 686 (24.11) | 658 (23.91) | Â |
Moderate activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0708 |
Yes | 4241 (48.64) | 1126 (51.10) | 1050 (46.90) | 1042 (48.95) | 1023 (47.44) | Â |
No | 5437 (51.36) | 1294 (48.90) | 1369 (53.10) | 1377 (51.05) | 1397 (52.56) | Â |
Bowel movement type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0663 |
Constipation | 697 (6.52) | 190 (7.33) | 178 (6.84) | 168 (5.75) | 161 (6.05) | Â |
Normal | 8277 (87.18) | 2093 (87.52) | 2066 (86.38) | 2063 (88.12) | 2055 (86.73) | Â |
Diarrhea | 704 (6.30) | 137 (5.15) | 175 (6.78) | 188 (6.13) | 204 (7.22) | Â |