Table 1 Overall characteristics of participants with SLE

Age, years

41.00 (30.00, 51.00)

38.00 (29.00, 49.75)

47.00 (34.00, 56.00)

Z=-3.30

0.001

Sex

χ²=1.14

0.286

Female, n (%)

245 (87.8)

173 (86.5)

72 (91.1)

Male, n (%)

34 (12.2)

27 (13.5)

7 (8.9)

BMI, kg/m²

22.29 (20.03, 25.39)

22.03 (19.94, 24.84)

23.62 (20.47, 26.27)

Z=-2.22

0.026

Disease duration, years

1.00 (0.00, 8.00)

0.50 (0.00, 7.00)

5.00 (0.00, 10.00)

Z=-1.98

0.047

SLEDAI score

8.00 (4.00, 14.00)

8.00 (4.00, 14.00)

8.00 (3.00, 13.00)

Z=-0.73

0.463

Immunosuppressant drug treatment

χ²=3.22

0.073

Yes, n (%)

108 (38.7)

116 (58.0)

55 (69.6)

No, n (%)

171 (61.3)

84 (42.0)

24 (30.4)

Glucocorticoid

χ²=3.91

0.048

Yes, n (%)

191 (68.5)

130 (65.0)

61 (77.2)

No, n (%)

88 (31.5)

70 (35.0)

18 (22.8)

Neutrophil count, 10⁹g/L

3.61 (2.11, 6.06)

3.15 (1.90, 5.82)

4.81 (2.91, 6.50)

Z=-3.49

< 0.001

Lymphocyte count, 10⁹g/L

1.04 (0.61, 1.66)

0.98 (0.58, 1.56)

1.15 (0.76, 1.78)

Z=-1.78

0.075

Monocyte count, 10⁹g/L

0.36 (0.24, 0.56)

0.32 (0.22, 0.48)

0.47 (0.26, 0.65)

Z=-3.18

0.001

A/G ratio

1.19 (0.96, 1.52)

1.11 (0.92, 1.48)

1.34 (1.11, 1.79)

Z=-4.26

< 0.001

GLU, mmol/L

4.63 (4.05, 5.70)

4.66 (4.13, 5.72)

4.53 (4.01, 5.62)

Z=-0.61

0.541

TyG index

8.67 ± 0.66

8.60 (8.20, 8.98)

8.66 (8.18, 9.13)

Z=-1.03

0.303

LDL-C level, mmol/L

2.39 (1.93, 3.13)

2.30 (1.87, 3.11)

2.55 (1.96, 3.14)

Z=-1.05

0.296

HDL-C level, mmol/L

1.13 (0.89. 1.40)

1.10 (0.85, 1.40)

1.13 (0.91, 1.45)

Z=-1.02

0.309

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

107.62 (78.08, 120.36)

113.50 (96.91, 124.68)

77.48 (33.50, 102.88)

Z=-7.48

< 0.001