Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants from NHANES 2005–2016
Variables | Total | Male | Female | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 3154 | 1524 | 1630 | Â |
Age (years) | <0.001 | |||
 <50 | 2100 (66.58%) | 1083 (71.08%) | 1017 (62.39%) |  |
 ≥50 | 1054 (33.42%) | 441 (28.92%) | 613 (37.61%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | <0.001 | |||
 <25 | 1007 (31.93%) | 426 (27.94%) | 581 (35.62%) |  |
 25–30 | 1081 (34.27%) | 627 (41.16%) | 454 (27.83%) | |
 ≥30 | 1066 (33.80%) | 471 (30.90%) | 595 (36.55%) | |
PIR | 0.055 | |||
 <1 | 482 (15.28%) | 233 (15.31%) | 259 (15.87%) |  |
 1–3 | 1165 (36.94%) | 595 (39.06%) | 570 (34.96%) | |
 ≥3 | 1497 (47.78%) | 696 (45.63%) | 801 (49.17%) | |
Race | 0.002 | |||
 Mexican American | 307 (9.73%) | 175 (11.46%) | 132 (8.12%) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 200 (6.34%) | 105 (6.88%) | 95 (5.82%) | |
 Non-Hispanic White | 2048 (64.93%) | 958 (62.86%) | 1090 (66.85%) | |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 379 (12.02%) | 169 (11.10%) | 210 (12.88%) | |
 Other Race | 220 (6.98%) | 117 (7.71%) | 103 (6.33%) | |
Education | <0.001 | |||
 Under high school | 535 (16.96%) | 307 (20.17%) | 228 (13.99%) |  |
 High school | 705 (22.35%) | 378 (24.79%) | 327 (20.08%) | |
 College graduate | 1914 (60.69%) | 839 (55.04%) | 1075 (65.93%) | |
Smoking status | <0.001 | |||
 Yes | 1366 (43.31%) | 748 (49.08%) | 618 (37.90%) |  |
 No | 1788 (56.69%) | 776 (50.92%) | 1012 (62.10%) | |
Diabetes | 0.010 | |||
 Yes | 142 (4.50%) | 74 (4.88%) | 68 (4.20%) |  |
 No | 2976 (94.36%) | 1441 (94.57%) | 1535 (94.17%) | |
 Borderline | 36 (1.14%) | 9 (0.55%) | 27 (1.63%) | |
Research cycle | 0.400 | |||
 2005-2006 | 520 (16.48%) | 261 (17.11%) | 259 (15.91%) |  |
 2007-2008 | 556 (17.62%) | 269 (17.65%) | 287 (17.58%) |  |
 2009-2010 | 513 (16.27%) | 240 (15.76%) | 273 (16.74%) |  |
 2011-2012 | 531 (16.84%) | 275 (18.03%) | 256 (15.76%) |  |
 2013-2014 | 513 (16.27%) | 237 (15.59%) | 276 (16.89%) |  |
 2015-2016 | 521 (16.52%) | 242 (15.86%) | 279 (17.11%) |  |
Blood lipids (mg/dL) | ||||
 TC | 5.26 ± 0.20 | 5.24 ± 0.20 | 5.27 ± 0.21 | <0.001 |
 HDL-C | 3.96 ± 0.28 | 3.86 ± 0.26 | 4.05 ± 0.26 | <0.001 |
 LDL-C | 4.73 ± 0.31 | 4.73 ± 0.30 | 4.72 ± 0.31 | 0.206 |
 RC | 3.01 ± 0.54 | 3.09 ± 0.54 | 2.93 ± 0.52 | <0.001 |
BFRs (pg/g) | ||||
 PBB153 | 2.65 ± 1.08 | 2.87 ± 1.09 | 2.45 ± 1.02 | <0.001 |
 PBDE28 | 1.91 ± 0.62 | 1.95 ± 0.62 | 1.88 ± 0.62 | 0.002 |
 PBDE47 | 4.79 ± 0.69 | 4.87 ± 0.68 | 4.72 ± 0.69 | <0.001 |
 PBDE85 | 0.91 ± 0.76 | 0.98 ± 0.74 | 0.85 ± 0.77 | <0.001 |
 PBDE99 | 3.16 ± 0.80 | 3.26 ± 0.77 | 3.07 ± 0.82 | <0.001 |
 PBDE100 | 3.22 ± 0.70 | 3.29 ± 0.71 | 3.15 ± 0.68 | <0.001 |
 PBDE153 | 4.07 ± 0.69 | 4.24 ± 0.68 | 3.91 ± 0.66 | <0.001 |
 PBDE154 | 0.82 ± 0.75 | 0.89 ± 0.76 | 0.76 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
 PBDE209 | 2.76 ± 0.53 | 2.89 ± 0.52 | 2.65 ± 0.52 | <0.001 |