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Fig. 3 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 3

From: Fucoidan ameliorates lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and NF-κB-mediated inflammation by regulating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway in a free fatty acid-induced NAFLD spheroid model

Fig. 3

Fucoidan alleviates FFA-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and spheroids. (A-E) Fucoidan inhibits FFA-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were stimulated with FFAs (0.5 mM) for 24 h, further treatment with DMSO (control) or fucoidan (100 µg/ml) for additional 24 h. The intracellular levels of ROS, MDA, GSH, GR, and GPx were measured. (F-H) Fucoidan inhibits the expression of antioxidant factors in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated as described in (A-E), and then the expression of NQO1, GCLC, and HO-1 were measured by western blotting. (I-M) Fucoidan inhibits FFA-induced oxidative stress in spheroids. Spheroids were aggregated for 48 h, then stimulated with FFAs (0.5 mM) for 24 h, further treatment with DMSO (control) or fucoidan (100 µg/ml) for additional 24 h. The intracellular levels of ROS, MDA, GSH, GR, and GPx were measured. (N-P) Fucoidan inhibits the expression of antioxidant factors in spheroids. Spheroids were treated as described in (I-M), and then the expression of NQO1, GCLC, and HO-1 were measured by western blotting. Data were analyzed by student’s t test and expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). * represents the differences between the two groups. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01

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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X