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Fig. 1 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 1

From: Fucoidan ameliorates lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and NF-κB-mediated inflammation by regulating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway in a free fatty acid-induced NAFLD spheroid model

Fig. 1

Fucoidan reduced FFA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. (A) The experimental flow of FFAs stimulation and fucoidan treatment in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were adhered in plates and cultured for 24 h, then stimulated with FFA (0.5 mM) for 24 h, further treated with DMSO (control) or fucoidan (1, 10, 50, 100 µg/ml) for additional 24 h. (B) Detection of fucoidan cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were stimulated with DMSO or fucoidan (1, 10, 50, 100 µg/ml) for 24 h, then the cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. (C) Fucoidan improved FFA-induced cytotoxicity. HepG2 cells were treated as described in (A), and then the cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. (D) Fucoidan decreased intracellular TG content in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated as described in (A), and then the intracellular TG content was measured. (E) Fucoidan inhibited lipid droplet formation in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated as described in (A), and then the cells were stained with oil red O. Data were analyzed by the student’s t test and expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). * represents the differences compared to the control group. # represents the differences compared to the DMSO group. ** P < 0.01; ##P < 0.01

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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X