Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample stratified by GDM status
Characteristics | Non-GDM (n = 8139) | GDM (n = 2351) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age (years) | 29.84 ± 4.81 | 31.99 ± 4.77 | < 0.001 |
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 20.87 ± 2.93 | 22.2 ± 3.34 | < 0.001 |
BMI at delivery (kg/m2) * | 26.40 ± 3.23 | 26.81 ± 3.60 | < 0.001 |
Parity | |||
Nulliparous | 3893 (47.8) | 919 (39.1) | < 0.001 |
Multiparous | 4246 (52.2) | 1432 (60.9) | |
Delivery mode | |||
Vaginal delivery | 5076 (62.4) | 1301 (55.3) | < 0.001 |
Cesarean section | 3063 (37.6) | 1050 (44.7) | |
OGTT-0 h (mmol/L) | 4.37 ± 0.31 | 4.76 ± 0.56 | < 0.001 |
OGTT-1 h (mmol/L) | 7.30 ± 1.36 | 9.84 ± 1.56 | < 0.001 |
OGTT-2 h (mmol/L) | 6.36 ± 1.05 | 8.60 ± 1.52 | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 3.03 ± 1.26 | 3.31 ± 1.50 | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 6.21 ± 1.24 | 6.07 ± 1.24 | < 0.001 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.87 ± 0.36 | 1.85 ± 0.37 | 0.021 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.27 ± 0.95 | 3.06 ± 0.90 | < 0.001 |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.16 ± 1.63 | 38.85 ± 1.81 | < 0.001 |
Preterm birth | 500 (6.1) | 207 (8.8) | < 0.001 |
Neonatal sex | |||
Male | 4390 (53.9) | 1304 (55.5) | 0.190 |
Female | 3749 (46.1) | 1047 (44.5) | |
Birth weight (kg) | 3.20 ± 0.47 | 3.17 ± 0.52 | 0.019 |
BWZ | 0.02 ± 0.93 | 0.07 ± 0.98 | 0.011 |
Macrosomia | 276 (3.4) | 103 (4.4) | 0.023 |
Birth weight for gestational age | |||
SGA | 645 (7.9) | 190 (8.1) | 0.004 |
AGA | 6803 (83.6) | 1910 (81.2) | |
LGA | 691 (8.5) | 251 (10.7) |