Fig. 1

Correlation analysis among maternal OGTT parameters and lipid profiles and offspring BWZ in pregnant women with and without GDM. In the pairwise comparison matrix, the lower triangle shows the scatter plots for each pair, and the upper triangle displays the Pearson correlation coefficients corresponding to these pairs (GDM, orange; non-GDM, blue). GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; BWZ, birth weight z score