Fig. 3
From: Interplay of fatty acids, insulin and exercise in vascular health
Interplay of FFAs, insulin and exercise in the vasculature. Plasma FFAs lead to vascular dysfunction through increased vascular inflammation, insulin resistance, and remodeling. Insulin inhibits lipolysis and enhances synthesis of FFAs, reducing the amount of plasma FFAs. Exercise increases β-oxidation of FFAs and stimulates beneficial vascular adaptations, thereby combating endothelial dysfunction. (Abbreviations: FA, fatty acid; FFAs, free fatty acids)