Fig. 3

Dose-response curves of CMI and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality. Restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) were used to explore potential dose-response patterns, and thresholds were calculated for each curve. For all-cause mortality (A), the hazard ratio decreases and then increases with increasing CMI until a plateau. For cancer mortality (B), the hazard ratio rises and then falls with increasing CMI. For CVD and diabetes mortality (C and D), the risk ratios declined with increasing CMI to the thresholds and then stabilized