Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants

Age (years)

62.27 ± 7.41

62.04 ± 7.92

0.638

Sex-male

215(55.6%)

355(51.9%)

0.249

Married-yes

363(93.8%)

597(87.3%)

< 0.001^*

Current smoking-yes

123(31.8%)

214(31.30%)

0.260

Current drinking-yes

88(22.7%)

203(29.7%)

0.023^*

Education (years)

10.74 ± 3.27

10.53 ± 2.72

0.295

Duration of diabetes (years)

7(2,15)

7(1,14)

0.165

SBP (mmHg)

131.73 ± 15.85

133.71 ± 12.06

0.033^*

DBP (mmHg)

79.23 ± 8.83

79.41 ± 8.63

0.753

Regular exercise-yes

209(54.0%)

554(81.4%)

0.956

Diabetic dietary pattern-yes

276(71.3%)

434(63.8%)

0.004^*

Hypertension-yes

263(68%)

465(68%)

0.994

Dyslipidemia-yes

211(54.5%)

361(52.9%)

0.599

Take lipid-lowering drugs-yes

40(10.3%)

77(11%)

0.773

Take hypoglycemic drugs-yes

364(94.1%)

622(90.9%)

0.069

FPG (mmol/L)

8.61 ± 2.83

8.54 ± 3.22

0.742

HbA1C (%)

8.93 ± 1.99

8.83 ± 2.11

0.442

TC (mmol/l)

4.74(4.09,5.53)

4.83(4.14,5.58)

0.429

TG (mmol/l)

1.63(1.16,2.44)

1.52(1.12,2.18)

0.112

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.20 ± 0.30

1.44 ± 6.73

0.499

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.11 ± 0.83

2.99 ± 0.87

0.024^*

UA (μmol/L)

294.86 ± 82.33

298.33 ± 83.18

0.511

UREA/CREA

22.04 ± 7.05

23.61 ± 11.22

0.013^*

ALT (U/L)

19.4(13.7,30.5)

18.2(13.44,27.08)

0.164

AST (U/L)

16(13.1,20.9)

18.4(14.3,2.24)

< 0.001^*

Insulin (mU/L)

14.92 ± 18.27

14.25 ± 14.97

0.603

TSH (μIU/mL)

1.79 ± 0.89

2.02 ± 0.98

< 0.001^*

HOMA-IR

5.86 ± 6.98

5.69 ± 5.95

0.729

BMI (kg/m²)

25.77 ± 3.55

26.04 ± 3.50

0.229

WC (cm)

89.10 ± 10.16

93.17 ± 9.58

< 0.001^*

WHtR

0.54 ± 0.06

0.56 ± 0.06

< 0.001^*

WHR

0.92 ± 0.07

0.95 ± 0.07

< 0.001^*

LAP

44.77(27.14,70.00)

48.72(31.50,76.23)

0.008^*

VFA

100.71 ± 29.55

104.80 ± 29.14

0.064

TyG

9.32 ± 0.73

9.26 ± 0.77

0.205

TyG-BMI

240.51 ± 39.34

241.72 ± 41.52

0.640

TyG-WC

831.26 ± 118.03

864.47 ± 125.76

< 0.001^*

TyG-WHtR

5.00 ± 0.69

5.21 ± 0.74

< 0.001^*

TyG-WHR

8.56 ± 0.94

8.85 ± 1.03

< 0.001^*