Table 1 Baseline characteristics of individuals classified by stages of CKM
Characteristic | Cardiovascular- Kidney- Metabolic Syndrome | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0, N = 846 | 1, N = 1,545 | 2, N = 4,500 | 3, N = 1,954 | 4, N = 1,026 | ||
Median (IQR) | ||||||
Age | 51.00 (45.00, 60.00) | 52.00 (45.00, 61.00) | 60.00 (50.00, 67.00) | 54.00 (46.00, 63.00) | 66.00 (58.00, 72.00) | < 0.001 |
BMI | 22.40 (20.80, 23.60) | 28.20 (26.10, 31.31) | 28.91 (25.76, 33.00) | 30.40 (26.60, 34.61) | 30.10 (26.47, 34.50) | < 0.001 |
PIR | 3.03 (1.26, 5.00) | 2.78 (1.31, 4.92) | 2.40 (1.22, 4.63) | 1.98 (1.05, 3.91) | 1.65 (0.98, 3.31) | < 0.001 |
TC (mg/dl) | 195.50 (172.00, 220.00) | 197.00 (173.00, 221.00) | 195.00 (168.00, 224.00) | 212.00 (184.00, 243.00) | 173.00 (147.00, 211.00) | < 0.001 |
TG (mg/dl) | 79.00 (58.00, 101.00) | 90.00 (70.00, 109.00) | 158.00 (107.00, 218.00) | 182.00 (124.00, 275.00) | 146.00 (95.00, 216.00) | < 0.001 |
Scr (mg/dl) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.95) | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.06) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.92) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.19) | < 0.001 |
HBA1C (%) | 5.40 (5.20, 5.50) | 5.50 (5.30, 5.80) | 5.70 (5.40, 6.10) | 5.80 (5.40, 6.30) | 5.90 (5.60, 6.60) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 65.00 (55.00, 76.00) | 57.00 (48.00, 68.00) | 49.00 (41.00, 60.00) | 46.00 (38.00, 55.00) | 46.00 (39.00, 56.00) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/(min×1.73m2) | 96.87 (85.85, 106.55) | 95.40 (83.52, 105.87) | 89.83 (74.19, 100.80) | 94.54 (77.87, 105.91) | 77.38 (62.43, 93.35) | < 0.001 |
Klotho (pg/ml) | 852.55 (702.53, 1,047.70) | 830.50 (686.10, 1,029.50) | 807.00 (660.78, 996.20) | 818.60 (664.43, 1,000.40) | 771.05 (622.65, 946.73) | < 0.001 |
Number (%) | ||||||
Gender (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Male | 426 (50.35%) | 676 (43.75%) | 2,750 (61.11%) | 421 (21.55%) | 605 (58.97%) | Â |
Female | 420 (49.65%) | 869 (56.25%) | 1,750 (38.89%) | 1,533 (78.45%) | 421 (41.03%) | Â |
Race (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic White | 76 (8.98%) | 242 (15.66%) | 708 (15.73%) | 353 (18.07%) | 112 (10.92%) | Â |
Non-Hispanic Black | 67 (7.92%) | 174 (11.26%) | 484 (10.76%) | 265 (13.56%) | 77 (7.50%) | Â |
Mexican | 431 (50.95%) | 707 (45.76%) | 1,962 (43.60%) | 880 (45.04%) | 536 (52.24%) | Â |
Other Hispanic | 139 (16.43%) | 324 (20.97%) | 958 (21.29%) | 292 (14.94%) | 232 (22.61%) | Â |
Others | 133 (15.72%) | 98 (6.34%) | 388 (8.62%) | 164 (8.39%) | 69 (6.73%) | Â |
Education (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Less Than 9th Grade | 188 (22.22%) | 383 (24.79%) | 1,276 (28.36%) | 617 (31.58%) | 370 (36.06%) | Â |
9-11th Grade | 353 (41.73%) | 720 (46.60%) | 2,199 (48.87%) | 999 (51.13%) | 511 (49.81%) | Â |
High school grades and more | 305 (36.05%) | 442 (28.61%) | 1,025 (22.78%) | 338 (17.30%) | 145 (14.13%) | Â |
Marital (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.117 |
Married/Living with a partner | 574 (67.85%) | 994 (64.34%) | 2,935 (65.22%) | 1,250 (63.97%) | 639 (62.28%) | Â |
Widowed/Divorced/Never married | 272 (32.15%) | 551 (35.66%) | 1,565 (34.78%) | 704 (36.03%) | 387 (37.72%) | Â |
Diabetes (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 846 (100.00%) | 1,545 (100.00%) | 3,665 (81.44%) | 1,501 (76.82%) | 671 (65.40%) | Â |
Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 835 (18.56%) | 453 (23.18%) | 355 (34.60%) | Â |
Hypertension (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 846 (100.00%) | 1,545 (100.00%) | 1,888 (41.96%) | 911 (46.62%) | 236 (23.00%) | Â |
Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2,612 (58.04%) | 1,043 (53.38%) | 790 (77.00%) | Â |
Current smoking (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 458 (54.14%) | 922 (59.68%) | 2,215 (49.22%) | 1,056 (54.04%) | 364 (35.48%) | Â |
Yes | 388 (45.86%) | 623 (40.32%) | 2,285 (50.78%) | 898 (45.96%) | 662 (64.52%) | Â |
Alcohol (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Yes | 674 (79.67%) | 1,168 (75.60%) | 3,398 (75.51%) | 1,281 (65.56%) | 743 (72.42%) | Â |
No | 172 (20.33%) | 377 (24.40%) | 1,102 (24.49%) | 673 (34.44%) | 283 (27.58%) | Â |
CHF (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 382 (37.23%) | Â |
No | 846 (100.00%) | 1,545 (100.00%) | 4,500 (100.00%) | 1,954 (100.00%) | 644 (62.77%) | Â |
CHD (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 509 (49.61%) | Â |
No | 846 (100.00%) | 1,545 (100.00%) | 4,500 (100.00%) | 1,954 (100.00%) | 517 (50.39%) | Â |
Stroke (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 417 (40.64%) | Â |
No | 846 (100.00%) | 1,545 (100.00%) | 4,500 (100.00%) | 1,954 (100.00%) | 609 (59.36%) | Â |
CVD (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Yes | 846 (100.00%) | 1,545 (100.00%) | 4,500 (100.00%) | 1,954 (100.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | Â |
No | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1,026 (100.00%) | Â |
CKD (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Yes | 843 (99.65%) | 1,537 (99.48%) | 4,059 (90.20%) | 1,815 (92.89%) | 801 (78.07%) | Â |
No | 3 (0.35%) | 8 (0.52%) | 441 (9.80%) | 139 (7.11%) | 225 (21.93%) | Â |