Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between participants with metabolic syndrome and those without metabolic syndrome
Characteristics | Overall | No-metabolic syndrome | Metabolic syndrome | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 13119) | (n = 7377) | (n = 5742) | ||
Mean ± SDa |  |  |  |  |
Age, years | 56.06(55.76,56.37) | 54.93(54.54,55.31) | 57.69(57.30,58.07) | < 0.001 |
Total energy, kcal/day | 2099.17(2076.77,2121.58) | 2123.73(2095.19,2152.26) | 2064.55(2026.96,2102.14) | 0.020 |
ALT, IU/L | 25.67(25.30,26.04) | 23.95(23.53,24.37) | 28.13(27.48,28.78) | < 0.001 |
AST, IU/L | 26.20(25.84,26.56) | 25.61(25.28,25.94) | 27.05(26.41,27.69) | < 0.001 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 82.88(82.15,83.61) | 84.04(83.10,84.98) | 81.23(80.54,81.92) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.46(29.26,29.65) | 27.06(26.87,27.24) | 32.88(32.63,33.13) | < 0.001 |
Leukocyte, 109/L | 7.12(7.06,7.19) | 6.79(6.72,6.86) | 7.60(7.51,7.69) | < 0.001 |
Lymphocyte, 109/L | 2.06(2.04,2.08) | 1.97(1.95,1.99) | 2.19(2.15,2.22) | < 0.001 |
Neutrophil, 109/L | 4.25(4.20,4.30) | 4.04(3.99,4.10) | 4.55(4.49,4.61) | < 0.001 |
Platelet, 10^9/L | 241.57(239.60,243.54) | 239.80(237.25,242.35) | 244.10(241.53,246.66) | 0.010 |
Monocyte, 10^9/L | 0.56(0.55,0.57) | 0.54(0.53,0.55) | 0.59(0.58,0.60) | < 0.001 |
SII | 543.80(534.67,552.94) | 535.40(523.85,546.95) | 555.79(544.50,567.07) | 0.010 |
NLR | 2.24(2.21,2.28) | 2.22(2.18,2.26) | 2.28(2.24,2.32) | 0.010 |
PLR | 128.42(126.75,130.08) | 132.71(130.68,134.74) | 122.29(120.26,124.32) | < 0.001 |
MHR | 0.01(0.01,0.01) | 0.01(0.01,0.01) | 0.01(0.01,0.01) | < 0.001 |
Serum glucose, mg/dL | 112.34(111.70,112.98) | 107.49(107.01,107.96) | 119.26(117.99,120.52) | < 0.001 |
Serum TG, mg/dL | 133.28(131.53,135.02) | 117.32(115.95,118.70) | 156.03(152.95,159.11) | < 0.001 |
Serum HDL-C, mg/dL | 54.22(53.61,54.82) | 60.68(60.00,61.35) | 45.00(44.41,45.60) | < 0.001 |
Klotho, pg/ml | 798.10(656.50,980.50) | 807.60(666.10,987.40) | 783.60(641.80,971.90) | < 0.001 |
N (%)b | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.580 |
 Female | 6738(52.09) | 3621(51.83) | 3117(52.45) |  |
 Male | 6381(47.91) | 3756(48.17) | 2625(47.55) |  |
Race/ethnicity |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 2094( 6.63) | 1064(6.14) | 1030(7.34) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 2574( 9.01) | 1539(9.40) | 1035(8.46) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 5664(73.29) | 3107(72.85) | 2557(73.93) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 1521( 4.68) | 804(4.41) | 717(5.07) |  |
 Other Race | 1266( 6.38) | 863(7.20) | 403(5.21) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | 0.060 |
 Married/cohabiting | 8519(70.80) | 4862(71.48) | 3657(69.84) |  |
 Widowed/divorced/separated | 3513(22.09) | 1854(21.22) | 1659(23.35) |  |
 Never married | 1087( 7.10) | 661(7.31) | 426(6.81) |  |
PIR |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Low income | 3625(16.11) | 1863(14.26) | 1762(18.75) |  |
 Middle income | 4367(30.83) | 2381(29.29) | 1986(33.04) |  |
 High income | 4066(47.06) | 2531(50.51) | 1535(42.14) |  |
 No record | 1061( 5.99) | 602(5.93) | 459(6.07) |  |
Education |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Under high school | 1759( 6.07) | 870(5.31) | 889(7.16) |  |
 High school or equivalent | 4812(32.30) | 2536(29.37) | 2276(36.48) |  |
 Above high school | 6548(61.63) | 3971(65.32) | 2577(56.36) |  |
Drinking alcohol status |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 1786( 9.92) | 861( 8.80) | 925(11.52) |  |
 Former | 2663(16.99) | 1260(13.67) | 1403(21.74) |  |
 moderate | 268( 1.96) | 171(2.18) | 97(1.64) |  |
 Heavy | 4062(36.87) | 2442(39.51) | 1620(33.11) |  |
 No record | 4340(34.26) | 2643(35.85) | 1697(31.99) |  |
Physical activity |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 3820(24.25) | 1815(19.87) | 2005(30.50) |  |
 Yes | 9299(75.75) | 5562(80.13) | 3737(69.50) |  |
Smoke |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Never | 6755(51.79) | 3923(54.26) | 2832(48.27) |  |
 Former | 3792(29.75) | 1959(27.26) | 1833(33.30) |  |
 Now | 2572(18.46) | 1495(18.48) | 1077(18.43) |  |
Impaired glucose metabolism |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 8192(66.32) | 5960(83.24) | 2232(42.20) |  |
 Yes | 4927(33.68) | 1417(16.76) | 3510(57.80) |  |
Low HDL-C |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 8909(69.71) | 6620(90.87) | 2289(39.53) |  |
 Yes | 4210(30.29) | 757( 9.13) | 3453(60.47) |  |
High triglycerides |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 7503(57.61) | 5762(78.45) | 1741(27.89) |  |
 Yes | 5616(42.39) | 1615(21.55) | 4001(72.11) |  |
Central obesity |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 4703(35.39) | 4187(55.09) | 516( 7.29) |  |
 Yes | 8416(64.61) | 3190(44.91) | 5226(92.71) |  |
Hypertension |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 6591(54.48) | 5231(74.42) | 1360(26.04) |  |
 Yes | 6528(45.52) | 2146(25.58) | 4382(73.96) |  |