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Table 1 Basic participant characteristics categorized by VFA

From: Increased thyroid hormone sensitivity is correlated with visceral obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes

 

Overall

VFA < 80 cm2

VFA ≥ 80 cm2

P value

N

750

168

582

 

Age (year)

51.54 ± 11.07

51.56 ± 10.96

51.54 ± 11.11

0.913

Male, n (%)

540 (72.00)

99 (58.93)

441 (75.77)

< 0.001

Duration of diabetes (month)

98.45 ± 86.31

96.85 ± 82.48

98.92 ± 87.46

0.954

DBP (mmHg)

78.18 ± 10.94

74.89 ± 11.04

79.13 ± 10.74

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

129.42 ± 16.99

125.13 ± 18.75

130.66 ± 16.25

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

27.30 ± 14.08

23.69 ± 3.07

28.34 ± 15.75

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

95.87 ± 9.21

86.68 ± 7.00

98.54 ± 7.98

< 0.001

FPG (mmol/ L)

8.54 ± 3.23

8.16 ± 3.14

8.65 ± 3.25

0.062

HbA1C (%)

8.93 ± 2.10

8.88 ± 2.28

8.94 ± 2.05

0.484

Uric acid (umol/ L)

337.39 ± 86.21

294.48 ± 80.05

349.46 ± 84.07

< 0.001

Triglyceride (mmol/l)

1.86 (1.30, 2.91)

1.35 (1.02, 1.96)

2.02 (1.43, 3.17)

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/ L)

1.12 ± 0.29

1.26 ± 0.33

1.08 ± 0.26

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol (mmol/ L)

2.84 ± 0.83

2.87 ± 0.86

2.83 ± 0.83

0.607

Total cholesterol (mmol/ L)

4.78 ± 1.19

4.79 ± 1.15

4.78 ± 1.21

0.856

FT3 (pmol/L)

4.61 ± 0.62

4.45 ± 0.62

4.65 ± 0.61

< 0.001

FT4 (pmol/L)

16.19 ± 2.26

16.36 ± 2.31

16.15 ± 2.25

0.317

TSH (mIU/L)

2.02 (1.39, 2.71)

2.02 (1.34, 2.65)

2.02 (1.40, 2.73)

0.399

FT3/FT4

0.29 ± 0.05

0.28 ± 0.05

0.29 ± 0.04

< 0.001

TFQI

0.42 (0.18, 0.69)

0.48 (0.16, 0.69)

0.41 (0.19, 0.70)

0.962

TT4RI

31.75 (22.08, 43.60)

30.82 (21.29, 43.79)

31.78 (22.32, 43.54)

0.605

TSHI

2.85 (2.47, 3.20)

2.84 (2.40, 3.23)

2.85 (2.49, 3.19)

0.974

VFA (cm2)

109.47 ± 39.28

59.86 ± 14.59

123.79 ± 31.79

< 0.001

SFA (cm2)

196.76 ± 62.32

141.77 ± 41.99

212.53 ± 58.12

< 0.001

Smoking, n (%)

240 (32.17)

40 (23.95)

200 (34.54)

0.010

Drinking, n (%)

157 (21.07)

19 (11.45)

136 (23.49)

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

282 (37.60)

47 (27.98)

235 (40.38)

0.003

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

318 (42.40)

51 (30.36)

267 (45.88)

< 0.001

Antihypertensive agents, n (%)

255 (34.00)

43 (25.60)

212 (36.43)

0.009

Lipid lowering agents, n (%)

197 (26.30)

30 (17.86)

167 (28.74)

0.005

Metformin therapy, n (%)

237 (35.27)

34 (22.52)

203 (38.96)

< 0.001

GLP-1 RA therapy, n (%)

9 (1.34)

0 (0.00)

9 (1.34)

0.047

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), median (interquartile range), or n (%)
  2. Abbreviations: VFA, visceral fat area; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; TSH, thyrotropin; TFQI, thyroid feedback quantile-based index; TT4RI, thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index; TSHI, TSH index; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X