Table 2 Associations between 3-year average exposure concentrations of PM and CVD

PM₁(µg/m³)

Per 10 µg/m³ increase

1.146 (1.089–1.206)

< 0.001

1.147 (1.090–1.208)

< 0.001

1.135 (1.078–1.195)

< 0.001

Quartile 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Quartile 2

1.009 (0.882–1.153)

0.901

0.962 (0.841–1.101)

0.574

0.968 (0.846–1.108)

0.637

Quartile 3

1.040 (0.913–1.185)

0.552

1.002 (0.880–1.142)

0.971

1.000 (0.877–1.140)

0.997

Quartile 4

1.406 (1.242–1.591)

< 0.001

1.391 (1.228–1.576)

< 0.001

1.371 (1.210–1.553)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

PM_2.5(µg/m³)

Per 10 µg/m³ increase

1.098 (1.068–1.128)

< 0.001

1.099 (1.069–1.130)

< 0.001

1.092 (1.062–1.123)

< 0.001

Quartile 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Quartile 2

1.136 (0.994–1.298)

0.062

1.102 (0.963–1.260)

0.157

1.088 (0.951–1.244)

0.220

Quartile 3

1.038 (0.904–1.191)

0.598

1.006 (0.877–1.155)

0.938

1.005 (0.870–1.148)

0.994

Quartile 4

1.603 (1.412–1.819)

< 0.001

1.597 (1.406–1.814)

< 0.001

1.556 (1.369–1.768)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

PM₁₀(µg/m³)

Per 10 µg/m³ increase

1.076 (1.061–1.091)

< 0.001

1.079 (1.064–1.094)

< 0.001

1.075 (1.059–1.090)

< 0.001

Quartile 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Quartile 2

1.177 (1.025–1.352)

0.021

1.162 (1.011–1.335)

0.034

1.173 (1.021–1.349)

0.024

Quartile 3

1.215 (1.060–1.392)

0.005

1.215 (1.060–1.392)

0.005

1.201 (1.048–1.376)

0.009

Quartile 4

1.803 (1.584–2.052)

< 0.001

1.830 (1.606–2.085)

< 0.001

1.768 (1.551–2.016)

< 0.001

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001