Fig. 5

EMPA promotes autophagosome formation to inhibit obesity-related myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. (A) LC3 II/LC3 I levels. (B) Alterations in myocardial fibrosis-related gene expression (Col1a1) and the level of an inflammatory cytokine (Tnf). (C) Impact on the area of H9c2 cells was measured. (D) Oil Red O-positive area in H9c2 cells. N = 3 biological replicates, and each replicate included > 60 cells. *P < 0.05 vs. NC; #P < 0.05 vs. PA; ∆P < 0.05 vs. PA-E