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Table 4 Percent change (95%CI) in serum lipid biochemical markers per IQR increases in walkability (ALE + T) by age and sex groups and by three statistical models

From: The association between neighbourhood walkability and blood lipids: a Canadian population study

Lipids1

  

Percent Change (95%CI)

    

p-value

Age (years)

 

Model 12

Model 23

Model 34

 

n

ALE + T

95%CI

ALE + T

95%CI

ALE + T

95%CI

TG (mmol/L)

All

11,777

-3.97

(-6.23, -1.72)

-4.1

(-6.43, -1.76)

-3.12

(-5.24, -1.01)

0.0037

 

≤ 16

4434

-2.4

(-4.98, 0.19)

-0.98

(-3.68, 1.71)

-0.73

(-3.41, 1.94)

0.5918

 

> 16

7343

-4.39

(-6.27, -2.51)

-4.33

(-6.34, -2.32)

-3.26

(-5.16, -1.36)

0.0008

 

Males

5773

-4.58

(-7.78, -1.38)

-4.41

(-7.99, -0.83)

-3.1

(-6.43, 0.23)

0.0683

 

Females

6004

-4.74

(-6.9, -2.57)

-3.99

(-6.22, -1.76)

-3.5

(-5.44, -1.55)

0.0004

LDL (mmol/L)

All

11,713

-1.19

(-2.49, 0.1)

-1.3

(-2.58, -0.01)

-1

(-2.09, 0.09)

0.0727

 

≤ 16

4416

-0.24

(-1.86, 1.39)

-0.43

(-2.2, 1.33)

-0.48

(-2.28, 1.32)

0.5995

 

> 16

7297

-1.11

(-2.23, 0.02)

-1.21

(-2.39, -0.02)

-0.95

(-2.04, 0.13)

0.0856

 

Males

5743

0.02

(-1.54, 1.58)

-0.32

(-1.92, 1.27)

-0.31

(-1.85, 1.22)

0.6890

 

Females

5970

-2.23

(-3.76, -0.7)

-1.98

(-3.76, -0.21)

-1.69

(-3.10, -0.28)

0.0188

HDL (mmol/L)

All

26,063

1.44

(0.58, 2.31)

1.71

(0.96, 2.46)

1.68

(0.91, 2.45)

< 0.001

 

≤ 16

9675

0.75

(0, 1.5)

0.22

(-0.6, 1.04)

0.23

(-0.59, 1.05)

0.5822

 

> 16

16,388

1.6

(0.73, 2.46)

1.9

(1.19, 2.62)

1.93

(1.20, 2.66)

< 0.001

 

Males

12,807

0.79

(0.03, 1.54)

0.57

(-0.27, 1.4)

0.47

(-0.36, 1.31)

0.2663

 

Females

13,256

2.47

(1.5, 3.43)

2.8

(1.94, 3.67)

2.79

(1.89, 3.68)

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

All

26,061

-0.62

(-1.19, -0.04)

-0.45

(-1.05, 0.15)

-0.41

(-0.92, 0.10)

0.1138

 

≤ 16

9674

0.11

(-0.43, 0.66)

0

(-0.6, 0.61)

-0.04

(-0.65, 0.57)

0.8903

 

> 16

16,387

-0.66

(-1.2, -0.11)

-0.5

(-1.04, 0.05)

-0.29

(-0.79, 0.21)

0.2546

 

Males

12,806

-0.34

(-1.04, 0.35)

-0.34

(-1.07, 0.4)

-0.23

(-0.94, 0.48)

0.5251

 

Females

13,255

-0.54

(-1.38, 0.31)

-0.16

(-1.04, 0.72)

-0.14

(-0.86, 0.57)

0.6911

TC/HDL

All

26,061

-0.48

(-1.87, 0.9)

-0.68

(-2.02, 0.65)

-1.11

(-2.56, 0.35)

0.1355

 

< 16

9674

-0.96

(-4.65, 2.74)

-0.61

(-1.99, 0.77)

-1

(-2.49, 0.50)

0.1922

 

> 16

16,387

-2.56

(-6.92, 1.81)

-2.59

(-7.59, 2.42)

-4.71

-10.38, 0.96)

0.1042

 

Males

12,806

-0.36

(-2.37, 1.65)

-0.82

(-2.74, 1.09)

-1.15

(-3.18, 0.88)

0.2678

 

Females

13,255

-0.59

(-2.49, 1.31)

-0.51

(-2.39, 1.36)

-1

(-3.09, 1.08)

0.3468

Apo A (g/L)

All

6313

0.15

(-0.48, 0.78)

0.4

(-0.2, 1.01)

0.56

(-0.08, 1.20)

0.0856

 

≤ 16

2394

0.64

(-1.37, 2.65)

0.38

(-2.66, 3.42)

0.24

(-2.72, 3.19)

0.8747

 

> 16

3919

0.14

(-0.44, 0.72)

0.39

(-0.16, 0.93)

0.54

(-0.03, 1.12)

0.0646

 

Males

3106

-0.27

(-0.92, 0.39)

-0.62

(-1.34, 0.11)

-0.46

(-1.22, 0.29)

0.2311

 

Females

3207

1.06

(0.48, 1.64)

1.26

(0.68, 1.84)

1.41

(0.82, 1.99)

< 0.001

Apo B (g/L)

All

6303

-1.17

(-2.36, 0.01)

-1.5

(-2.74, -0.27)

-0.95

(-2.03, 0.13)

0.0848

 

≤ 16

2393

-2.17

(-5.29, 0.96)

-1.2

(-4.03, 1.62)

-0.98

(-3.80, 1.85)

0.4985

 

> 16

3910

-1.02

(-2.09, 0.04)

-1.25

(-2.37, -0.12)

-0.85

(-1.89, 0.19)

0.1080

 

Males

3101

-0.52

(-1.96, 0.93)

-1.06

(-2.7, 0.57)

-0.92

(-2.55, 0.71)

0.2695

 

Females

3202

-1.88

(-3.32, -0.44)

-1.78

(-3.39, -0.17)

-1.17

(-2.46, 0.13)

0.0775

  1. The bolded values indicate statistically significant changes at the alpha = 0.05 level (p < 0.05).
  2. 1- TG = triglycerides, LDL = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC = total cholesterol, TC/HDL = total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A = apolipoprotein A, Apo B = apolipoprotein B
  3. 2- Model 1 is unadjusted
  4. 3-Model 2 is adjusted based on sex, age, race/culture, income, education, cycle and place of residence
  5. 4-Model 3 is Model 2 + adjustment for current smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol, and PM2.5