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Table 3 percent change (95%CI) in serum lipid biochemical markers per IQR increases in walkability (ALE) by age and sex groups and by three statistical models

From: The association between neighbourhood walkability and blood lipids: a Canadian population study

Lipids1

  

Percent Change (95%CI)

p-value

Age (years)

 

Model 12

Model 23

Model 34

 

n5

ALE

95%CI

ALE

95%CI

ALE

95%CI

TG (mmol/L)

All

11,777

-3.86

(-5.97, -1.75)

-3.84

(-6.05, -1.63)

-2.85

(-4.77, -0.93)

0.0036

 

≤ 16

4434

-2.39

(-5.07, 0.29)

-0.88

(-3.67, 1.91)

-0.61

(-3.40, 2.18)

0.6699

 

> 16

7343

-4.31

(-6.09, -2.52)

-4.11

(-6.03, -2.2)

-3.03

(-4.78, -1.28)

0.0007

 

Males

5773

-4.15

(-7.12, -1.18)

-3.81

(-7.11, -0.5)

-2.46

(-5.40, 0.47)

0.0998

 

Females

6004

-5.14

(-7.17, -3.10)

-4.27

(-6.38, -2.17)

-3.69

(-5.57, -1.82)

0.0001

LDL (mmol/L)

All

11,713

-1.28

(2.50, -0.05)

-1.34

(-2.57, -0.11)

-1.05

(-2.00.1, 00)

0.0507

 

≤ 16

4416

-0.18

(-1.82, 1.46)

-0.27

(-2.05, 1.52)

-0.40

(-2.22, 1.43)

0.6706

 

> 16

7297

-1.19

(-2.27, -0.11)

-1.27

(-2.41, -0.14)

-1.03

(-2.08, 0.01)

0.0532

 

Males

5743

-0.1

(-1.56, 1.37)

-0.43

(-1.95, 1.10)

-0.40

(-1.87, 1.08)

0.5959

 

Females

5970

-2.28

(-3.71, -0.86)

-2.00

(-3.67, -0.32)

-1.71

(-3.04, -0.38)

0.0120

HDL (mmol/L)

All

26,063

1.48

(0.65, 2.31)

1.70

(0.98, 2.43)

1.68

(0.93, 2.42)

< 0.001

 

≤ 16

9675

1.00

(0.26, 1.75)

0.46

(-0.35, 1.27)

0.46

(-0.35, 1.27)

0.2641

 

> 16

16,388

1.63

(0.80, 2.46)

1.88

(1.19, 2.56)

1.89

(1.18, 2.60)

< 0.001

 

Males

12,807

0.80

(0.06, 1.53)

0.59

(-0.23, 1.41)

0.49

(-0.32, 1.31)

0.2339

 

Females

13,256

2.50

(1.60, 3.40)

2.77

(1.96, 3.58)

2.74

(1.90, 3.58)

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

All

26,061

-0.56

(-1.10, -0.02)

-0.41

(-0.98, 0.17)

-0.37

(-0.86, 0.11)

0.1303

 

≤ 16

9674

0.10

(-0.44, 0.65)

-0.02

(-0.63, 0.58)

-0.09

(-0.70, 0.53)

0.7828

 

> 16

16,387

-0.60

(-1.11, -0.08)

-0.47

(-0.99, 0.05)

-0.28

(-0.75, 0.19)

0.2480

 

Males

12,806

-0.29

(-0.94, 0.36)

-0.31

(-0.99, 0.38)

-0.21

(-0.87, 0.44)

0.5209

 

Females

13,255

-0.51

(-1.32, 0.3)

-0.16

(-1.01, 0.70)

-0.15

(-0.85, 0.54)

0.6671

TC/HDL

All

26,061

-0.57

(-1.76, 0.63)

-0.72

(-1.87, 0.44)

-1.06

(-2.32, 0.20)

0.1001

 

< 16

9674

-0.49

(-1.94, 0.96)

-0.71

(-2.09, 0.67)

-0.86

(-2.08, 0.36)

0.1001

 

> 16

16,387

-3.17

(-6.83, 0.48)

-3.05

(-7.19, 1.10)

-5.22

(-10.17, -0.28)

0.0393

 

Males

12,806

-0.38

(-2.13, 1.37)

-0.76

(-2.42, 0.89)

-0.96

(-2.71, 0.78)

0.1686

 

Females

13,255

-0.72

(-2.35, 0.91)

-0.65

(-2.26, 0.95)

-1.12

(-2.94, 0.70)

0.2802

Apo A (g/L)

All

6313

0.16

(-0.43, 0.75)

0.38

(-0.18, 0.95)

0.53

(-0.07, 1.14)

0.0840

 

≤ 16

2394

0.76

(-1.04, 2.56)

0.65

(-1.87, 3.18)

0.51

(-1.95, 2.97)

0.6869

 

> 16

3919

0.16

(-0.4, 0.71)

0.36

(-0.15, 0.87)

0.50

(-0.04, 1.05)

0.0719

 

Males

3106

-0.27

(-0.88, 0.33)

-0.61

(-1.28, 0.06)

-0.46

(-1.16, 0.25)

0.2022

 

Females

3207

1.05

(0.51, 1.59)

1.21

(0.66, 1.77)

1.34

(0.78, 1.89)

< 0.001

Apo B (g/L)

All

6303

-1.22

(-2.31, -0.12)

-1.45

(-2.61, -0.3)

-0.93

(-1.93, 0.07)

0.0671

 

≤ 16

2393

-2.02

(-4.85, 0.82)

-1.31

(-3.78, 1.17)

-1.09

(-3.62, 1.43)

0.3977

 

> 16

3910

-1.08

(-2.09, -0.08)

-1.25

(-2.31, -0.2)

-0.89

(-1.85, 0.08)

0.0735

 

Males

3101

-0.59

(-1.91, 0.72)

-1.06

(2.58, 0.46)

-0.92

(-2.42, 0.59)

0.2339

 

Females

3202

-1.9

(-3.25, -0.55)

-1.74

(-3.25, -0.22)

-1.15

(-2.38, 0.07)

0.0656

  1. The bolded values indicate statistically significant changes at the alpha = 0.05 level (p < 0.05).
  2. 1- TG = triglycerides, LDL = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC = total cholesterol, TC/HDL = total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo A = apolipoprotein A, Apo B = apolipoprotein B
  3. 2- Model 1 is unadjusted
  4. 3-Model 2 is adjusted based on sex, age, race/culture, income, education, cycle and place of residence
  5. 4-Model 3 is Model 2 + adjustment for current smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol, and PM2.5
  6. 5 All 3 models have the same sample size. Missing values were assigned to a category and included in analysis