Relationship between Ikigai and longitudinal changes in serum HDL cholesterol levels: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)

Table 5 Ikigai-associated sex-specific changes in serum TC

	Men					Women
Ikigai levels	Without(reference)	With a little		With		Without(reference)	With a little		With
Serum TC (Baseline difference)^a		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
Model1	0	7.05(-7.83,21.9)	0.35	8.10(-6.88,23.1)	0.29	0	-9.78(-22.6,3.02)	0.13	-9.28(-22.2,3.64)	0.16
Model2	0	6.16(-9.78,22.1)	0.45	5.03(-11.3,21.3)	0.54	0	-11.6(-24.3,1.15)	0.07	-10.7(-23.8,2.32)	0.11
Serum TC (Time-dependent difference)^b		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
Model1	0	0.52(-1.06,2.09)	0.52	0.28(-1.30,1.87)	0.72	0	0.79(-0.45,2.04)	0.21	0.78(-0.47,2.03)	0.22
Model2	0	0.45(-1.52,2.43)	0.65	0.36(-1.63,2.34)	0.72	0	0.80(-0.83,2.43)	0.33	0.87(-0.77,2.50)	0.30

We combined “definitely yes” and “yes” as “with Ikigai”, and recorded “a little” as “with a little Ikigai” and “no” as “without Ikigai”
We used linear mixed-effect models to investigate the association of changes in Ikigai with changes in serum TC over time
Model1 is adjusted for age
Model2 is adjusted for age, former smoker, current smoker of 1-19 cigarettes/day, current smoker of ≥ 20 cigarettes/day, former drinker, current drinker of ethanol at 1 to 22 g/day, current drinker of ethanol at ≥ 23 g/day, social support, declining interest, depressed in mood, menopause and unemployed at baseline
CI confidence interval, TC total cholesterol
*p < 0.05
^aBaseline difference is the association of Ikigai at baseline with serum TC
^bTime-dependent difference is the association of Ikigai with the slope describing the linear relationship between serum TC levels and time (serum TC changes per year)

ISSN: 1476-511X