Relationship between Ikigai and longitudinal changes in serum HDL cholesterol levels: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)

Table 4 Ikigai-associated sex-specific changes in serum non-HDLC

	Men					Women
Ikigai levels	Without(reference)	With a little		With		Without(reference)	With a little		With
Serum non-HDLC (Baseline difference)^a		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
Model1	0	1.91(-12.7,16.5)	0.80	3.90(-10.8,18.6)	0.60	0	-17.6(-30.2,-5.00)	0.01*	-17.4(-30.1,-4.72)	0.01*
Model2	0	2.16(-13.4,17.9)	0.78	2.10(-13.8,17.9)	0.80	0	-19.2(-31.9,-6.57)	0.01*	-19.0(-31.9,-5.98)	0.01*
Serum non-HDLC (Time-dependent difference)^b		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
Model1	0	0.59(-0.94,2.13)	0.45	0.15(-1.39,1.70)	0.85	0	0.49(-0.72,1.69)	0.43	0.42(-0.79,1.63)	0.50
Model2	0	0.55(-1.39,2.49)	0.58	0.27(-1.69,2.22)	0.79	0	0.46(-1.17,2.09)	0.58	0.50(-1.14,2.14)	0.55

We combined “definitely yes” and “yes” as “with Ikigai”, and recorded “a little” as “with a little Ikigai” and “no” as “without Ikigai”
We used linear mixed-effect models to investigate the association of changes in Ikigai with changes in serum non-HDLC over time
Model1 is adjusted for age
Model2 is adjusted for age, former smoker, current smoker of 1-19 cigarettes/day, current smoker of ≥ 20 cigarettes/day, former drinker, current drinker of ethanol at 1 to 22 g/day, current drinker of ethanol at ≥ 23 g/day, social support, declining interest, depressed in mood, menopause and unemployed at baseline
CI confidence interval, non-HDLC non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
*p < 0.05
^aBaseline difference is the association of Ikigai at baseline with serum non-HDLC
^bTime-dependent difference is the association of Ikigai with the slope describing the linear relationship between serum non-HDLC levels and time (serum non-HDLC changes per year)

ISSN: 1476-511X