Relationship between Ikigai and longitudinal changes in serum HDL cholesterol levels: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)

Table 2 Ikigai-associated sex-specific changes in serum HDLC

	Men					Women
Ikigai levels	Without (reference)	With a little		With		Without (reference)	With a little		With
Serum HDLC (Baseline difference)^a		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
Model1	0	5.13(-1.55,11.8)	0.13	4.25(-2.47,11.0)	0.21	0	7.86(1.52,14.2)	0.02*	8.21(1.80,14.6)	0.01*
Model2	0	5.27(-1.13,11.7)	0.11	4.47(-2.01,11.0)	0.18	0	8.06(1.78,14.4)	0.01*	8.61(2.17,15.1)	0.01*
Model3	0	3.89(-3.10,10.9)	0.27	2.95(-4.19,10.1)	0.42	0	7.52(1.12,13.9)	0.02*	8.11(1.54,14.7)	0.02*
Serum HDLC (Time-dependent difference)^b		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value		β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
Model1	0	-0.06(-0.51,0.38)	0.78	0.16(-0.29,0.61)	0.49	0	0.32(-0.01,0.66)	0.06	0.38(0.04,0.72)	0.03*
Model2	0	-0.09(-0.69,0.51)	0.77	0.11(-0.50,0.71)	0.73	0	0.35(-0.12,0.82)	0.14	0.38(-0.09,0.86)	0.12
Model3	0	-0.09(-0.69,0.51)	0.77	0.11(-0.50,0.71)	0.73	0	0.35(-0.12,0.83)	0.14	0.38(-0.09,0.86)	0.11

We combined “definitely yes” and “yes” as “with Ikigai”, and recorded “a little” as “with a little Ikigai” and “no” as “without Ikigai”
We used linear mixed-effect models to investigate the association of changes in Ikigai with changes in serum HDLC over time
Model1 is adjusted for age
Model2 is adjusted for age, former smoker, current smoker of 1-19 cigarettes/day, current smoker of ≥ 20 cigarettes/day, former drinker, current drinker of ethanol at 1 to 22 g/day, current drinker of ethanol at ≥ 23 g/day, social support, menopause and unemployed at baseline
Model3 is adjusted for age, former smoker, current smoker of 1-19 cigarettes/day, current smoker of ≥ 20 cigarettes/day, former drinker, current drinker of ethanol at 1 to 22 g/day, current drinker of ethanol at ≥ 23 g/day, social support, declining interest, depressed in mood, menopause and unemployed at baseline
CI confidence interval, HDLC high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
*p < 0.05
^aBaseline difference is the association of Ikigai at baseline with serum HDLC
^bTime-dependent difference is the association of Ikigai with the slope describing the linear relationship between serum HDLC levels and time (serum HDLC changes per year)

ISSN: 1476-511X